On February 17, 2022, the Kurdish-majority Syrian Democratic Forces’ Manbij Military Council released documentation of two IEDs seized from a Syrian citizen, allegedly operated by agents of Turkey’s National Intelligence, and intended to undermine military forces and targets identified with the SDF in Manbij, which is under SDF control, in northern Syria. One of the IEDs was a sticky IED with an integrated RC initiation system, and the other was an anti-personnel IED with a different type of RC initiation system. IEDs with unique characteristics estimated to be serially produced by the Turkish MİT have been documented on several occasions in the arena in recent years. Over time, we have noticed the emergence of a wider range of initiation systems, mostly RC, in an increasing number of events, and over a much wider area of territory controlled by Kurdish organizations throughout northern, northeastern, and eastern Syria.
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