The Ukrainian military’s Maya loitering munition is often described as a decoy UAV; however, numerous documented examples show it fitted with an explosive warhead, effectively serving as a loitering munition. Extensive recent documentation has highlighted a standardized hemispherical warhead weighing approximately 5 kg and an electronic warhead initiation system comprising two modules. The primary module consists of a printed circuit board incorporating an accelerometer, which initiates the warhead upon impact. Based on the design of the hemispherical fragmentation warhead, the initiation system is also assessed to include a height-of-burst function to optimize fragmentation dispersal. In addition to the accelerometer-based module, some variants are fitted with a secondary electronic time-delay module, assessed to function either as a self-destruct mechanism or as an additional arming-delay system. Both electronic modules are housed in epoxy-potted enclosures with external LED status indicators, while the time-delay module incorporates a digital display.
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