On April 22, 2023, Jama’a Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin’ carried out a complex attack incorporating SVBIEDs combined with raids targeting a Malian Air Force base in the town of Sévaré, which also hosts Russian Wagner Group forces, who have increased their presence and involvement in the country. Wagner forces first appeared in Mali in 2022, when France commenced the withdrawal of its forces from the country, which was officially completed in February 2023. Until 2022, this attack TTP was uncommon, with very few incidents reported. Between 2022 and 2023, the TTP evolved and such attacks became more daring in terms of intensity and the number of SVBIEDs used. Documentation showing the structure and configuration of SVBIEDs in Mali is extremely rare, but from the information available, they appear to have a similar configuration to SVBIEDs in nearby Africa arenas, resembling those used by the Islamic State West Africa Province in Nigeria, and Al-Shabaab in Somalia. Among other things, the use of jerrycans filled with explosives, Toyota jeeps, and pickups loaded with barrels or large containers have been documented.
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