While sophisticated Russian firing devices have been frequently documented with mines in Ukraine, recent evidence shows the Russian use of the TM-83 off-route mine with its seismic and optic sensors, as well as directional AP fragmentation mines fitted with MVE-92 collapsing circuit firing devices.
Besides the use of unique mines and initiation systems, the addition of anti-lift booby-trap mechanisms, or the creation of booby-trapped arenas combining special charges with AP and AT mines has also been observed.
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