During September and October 2023, evidence has surfaced of the proliferation of Iranian surface-to-air missiles in the hands of militant groups serving as Iranian proxies in Yemen and in Lebanon, namely, the Houthis and Hezbollah. While the use of Iranian SAMs by Hezbollah marks the first public evidence of the group possessing this weapon, the Houthis, who unveiled their local variant one year ago, have moved on to boast a second, similar model, reportedly with enhanced capabilities. A relatively new, uniquely Iranian designed weapon, the “358” family of SAMs provides the ability to effectively disrupt enemy air operations. Its documented occurrences additionally show Iran’s standardisation of weapons for its proxy forces continues.
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