During the past year, both the Ukrainian and Russian sides have made considerable efforts to fortify their currently held territories to prevent the other side from claiming or reclaiming them.
Recently, there has been evident improvisation and modification of standard ammunition to assist in short-range fighting in which both the Russians and the Ukrainians are protected by trenches in the same area. The purpose of modifying the munitions is to enable their launch over short distances, usually in an indirect fire trajectory.
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