In early 2024, documentation of IEDs in the Mali area was posted on a Telegram channel associated with Russian Wagner Private Military Company forces. The images of the IEDs and components were mainly intended to serve as a guide for familiarization with local IEDs and were most likely documented in the second half of 2022. During 2024, documentation began to appear in Mali of weapons, IEDs and means used by Wagner forces operating in Mali and the Sahel, including IEDs, initiation systems and the use of FPV racing drones deployed as improvised loitering munitions.
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