Both Ukrainian and Russian intelligence services engage in clandestine operations, recruiting agents to carry out covert attacks against their adversaries. Russia focuses its operations on major Ukrainian cities, while Ukraine carries out operations in Russia-occupied territories annexed before the war, as well as in major Russian cities.
Russian operatives predominantly use mobile phone-based RC initiation systems. The main payloads consist predominantly of blocks of TNT, which are either smuggled into Ukraine or acquired through illicit networks within the country. In many cases, HME is prepared, and fragmentation is often added to enhance lethality.
Ukrainian operatives, on the other hand, employ a range of IED types, including sticky IEDs and linear-shaped charges. The payloads of their IEDs generally consist of Western-sourced plastic explosives, and HME. Like their Russian counterparts, Ukrainian agents favor RC initiation systems, utilizing both commercially available devices and distinctive Ukrainian military RC initiation systems, which have been documented in multiple past incidents.
Both sides frequently use Soviet military grade electric detonators as well as improvised detonators.
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