In recent months, distinctive directional fragmentation charges incorporating equally distinctive initiation systems have begun appearing in Antioquia Department, northwestern Colombia. The documented IEDs are configured as DFCs, while the initiation systems consist of RC-based configurations incorporating modified radio sets concealed inside protective casings, connected to commercial timers originally intended for household electrical systems, together with 9 V battery packs. The recurring appearance of these distinctive DFCs and standardized RC initiation systems across multiple incidents is consistent with a localized IED production and training network operating across FARC dissident structures in northern Antioquia.
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