Among the lethal trends currently characterizing jihadist activity in northern Nigeria is the proliferation of IEDs. Militants seek to maximize their effects through specialized configurations, including underbelly IEDs, typically buried beneath road surfaces to exploit the relatively vulnerable undersides of vehicles, and directional hollow-charge IEDs, designed to focus blast effects horizontally against vehicles. Documentation indicates that both directional and non-directional charges have been employed in these configurations.
Initiation systems generally fall into two categories: victim-operated pressure plates, in which the weight of the target actuates the device, and remote pull-cord systems, which allow militants to initiate an IED manually from a concealed firing point.
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