During 2022, maritime threats on the coasts and in the territorial waters of Ukraine increased, specifically, in the Mariupol region, in the Sea of Azov, on the southeastern coast; in the Odesa region, in the Black Sea, on the southwest coast, and along the coasts of the Crimean Peninsula. Naval mines of various types are frequently used in this battlefield. Most are old models originally produced by the Soviet Union or Russia for offensive and defensive purposes. Some of the mines, which were originally laid near strategic centers, have drifted in the current and wash up from time to time on different beaches in Ukraine and in neighboring countries, and pose a threat to both military and civilian vessels.
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