Amid a surge in terrorist attacks by militant jihadi groups in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, the primary terrorist actors – Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan and the Hafiz Gul Bahadur group – have begun demonstrating a growing tendency to utilize Improvised Rocket-Assisted Munitions. The adoption of this weapon system appears to be an emerging tactic in Pakistan, echoing the Afghan Taliban’s 2020–2021 use of IRAMs during its insurgency. However, the available evidence clearly indicates the IRAMs currently being used in Pakistan are in the early stages of development. They are being deployed with simple delay safety fuses attached to the explosive payload, ignited immediately before firing.
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